Debian 不会超出 Linux 内核与 GNU 工具集所支持的硬件范围之外。因此,任何被移植了 Linux 内核、libc、gcc 等,并拥有对应的 Debian 移植版的硬件体系或平台都可以运行 Debian。请参考移植页面 http://www.debian.org/ports/mips/ 以了解更多已被 Debian GNU/Linux 测试过的 32-bit MIPS (big-endian) 体系。
本章仅包含一些通用的信息,以及在何处可以获得更多信息的指导,而不是试图列出支持 32-bit MIPS (big-endian) 的所有不同硬件配置。
Debian GNU/Linux 9 supports ten major architectures and several variations of each architecture known as “flavors”.
体系 | Debian 命名 | 子体系 | Flavor |
---|---|---|---|
Intel x86-based | i386 | default x86 machines | default |
Xen PV domains only | xen | ||
AMD64 & Intel 64 | amd64 | ||
ARM | armel | Marvell Kirkwood and Orion | marvell |
带 FPU 的 ARM | armhf | multiplatform | armmp |
64bit ARM | arm64 | ||
32bit MIPS (big-endian) | mips | MIPS Malta | 4kc-malta |
Cavium Octeon | octeon | ||
64bit MIPS (little-endian) | mips64el | MIPS Malta | 5kc-malta |
Cavium Octeon | octeon | ||
Loongson 3 | loongson-3 | ||
32bit MIPS (little-endian) | mipsel | MIPS Malta | 4kc-malta |
Cavium Octeon | octeon | ||
Loongson 3 | loongson-3 | ||
Power Systems | ppc64el | IBM POWER8 or newer machines | |
64bit IBM S/390 | s390x | 来自 VM-reader 和 DASD 的 IPL | generic |
本文档主要讲述的是 32-bit MIPS (big-endian) 体系下的安装。如果您在寻找其他 Debian 所支持的体系的信息,请访问 Debian-Ports 网页。
Debian on 32-bit MIPS (big-endian) supports the following platforms:
Cavium designs a range of 64-bit MIPS Octeon processors which are mainly used in networking devices. Devices with these processors include the Ubiquiti EdgeRouter and the Rhino Labs UTM8.
This platform is emulated by QEMU and is therefore a nice way to test and run Debian on MIPS if you don't have the hardware.
There are two Malta kernel flavours: 4kc-malta is built for 32-bit processors, and 5kc-malta is built for 64-bit processors.
In addition, other boards which contain MIPS32r2 or MIPS64r2 based processors should also be able to run Debian, however kernels for these processors are not built and the Debian installer does not directly support them.
Complete information regarding supported mips/mipsel/mips64el machines can be found at the Linux-MIPS homepage. In the following, only the systems supported by the Debian installer will be covered. If you are looking for support for other subarchitectures, please contact the debian-mips mailing list.
Since Debian Stretch, support for all MIPS processors which do not implement MIPS32 Release 2 have been dropped. Therefore the following platforms supported in Jessie are no longer supported:
多处理器支持 — 又称 “symmetric multiprocessing” 或 SMP — 在本体系架构下可以使用,并且有一个预编译的 Debian 内核映象已经开启这项功能。支持 SMP 的内核默认是否被安装,取决于您的安装介质。这并不会影响安装,因为非 SMP 的内核也能在 SMP 的系统下启动,只不过内核只使用第一个 CPU。
为了利用多处理器,您应该确认支持 SMP 的内核软件包是否被安装,如果没有,请选择一个合适的内核软件包。
您可以自己定制内核来支持 SMP。可以在 第 8.6 节 “编译新内核” 找到相关的讨论。当前(内核版本 3.16)启用 SMP 的方法是在内核配置的 “Kernel type” 中选择 “Multi-Processing support”。
Debian's support for graphical interfaces is determined by the underlying support found in X.Org's X11 system, and the kernel. Basic framebuffer graphics is provided by the kernel, whilst desktop environments use X11. Whether advanced graphics card features such as 3D-hardware acceleration or hardware-accelerated video are available, depends on the actual graphics hardware used in the system and in some cases on the installation of additional “firmware” images (see 第 2.2 节 “需要固件的设备”).
Details on supported graphics hardware and pointing devices can be found at http://xorg.freedesktop.org/. Debian 9 ships with X.Org version 7.7.